Ridzwaniah Mosque was built in 1915 during the time of Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Idris Murshidul'adzam Shah, (1887-1916) the 28th Sultan of Perak. Its construction was erected on a piece of land entrusted by Al Mahrum Sultan Idris Shah I. At that time all the expenses of building the mosque were under the source of Sultan Idris Shah I's own waqf money. While the business of organizing this mosque is managed by a body called 'Sultan Idris Religious and Charitable Trust'.

The original design of the mosque contained a prayer hall shaped eight four squares and a dome in the center. Since it was built, the Ridzwaniah Mosque has undergone several changes in terms of its building structure. During the time of Al Marhum Sultan Iskandar, it was only enlarged to accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims. At that time this mosque could accommodate about 600 worshippers only. While during the reign of Sultan Idris Shah II, the enlargement of this mosque was carried out again. Until 1968 this mosque could accommodate about 1,000 worshippers around Pekan Kuala Kangsar.

Masjid Ridzwaniah today is a special mosque compared to other mosques in Kuala Kangsar district. It has several facilities such as meeting rooms, offices and other facilities. Due to its privilege and the mosque is the largest mosque in the district of Kuala Kangsar, it has been turned into a District Mosque run by the State Government.