Masjid Kampung Hulu, built in 1141 Hijri year, which is equivalent to the year 1728, is a historical and unique mosque. The mosque was built during the Dutch rule of Melaka from 1641 to 1825. It is believed to have been built by a Chinese Muslim by the name of Datuk Haji Shamsuddin in the 18th century. He bore all the expenses and was also the architect of this mosque. The mosque is located in Kampung Hulu, a fishing village near the Melaka River.

The design concept of Masjid Kampung Hulu symbolises the concept of God and nature. The concept of God and the Malay realm was said to be extracted from the lotus flower, the basis of many other symbols. 

The main prayer hall of this mosque measures 12×12 metres (39 x 39 feet). At the main prayer hall there are four columns made of belian wood known as soko guru. These four columns support the entire roof tiers. At the centre of these four columns is where the tunjuk langit is placed, and the carvings on it are called buah butun. The middle section is also the second roof layer. Here, connecting support beams from the four columns are placed onto the masonry walls for additional support.

The mihrab is located at the very front and faces the qibla. The mihrab of this mosque is only for the Imam to stand to lead any congregation prayers. On the right of the mihrab, is an ornately-carved minbar used by the imam or khatib to deliver a sermon. The wing- shaped carvings are influenced by Javanese architecture. Inside the minbar are carvings of roses and cloud motifs and it serves as a backrest for the Imam or khatib. This mosque also has a minaret, which was once used for azan, the call for daily prayers. The ablutions area is located at the front of the mosque facing the qibla.